Effect of College Students' Perceived Stress, Cognitive Response to Stress, and Somatization on Heart Rate Variability

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how college students' perceived stress, cognitive stress, and somatization affect their heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional survey research on 191 university students, registered at the G University. The perceived stress scale (PSS) and cognitive stress response scale, were used to assess level of stress. The somatization symptom scale of the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90), was used to assess level of somatization caused by stress. To assess heart rate variability (HRV), we conducted a five-minute test using a pulse wave analyzer, to analyze short-term HRV. RESULTS: The SCL-90 somatization score had relatively high positive correlation (p<.001) with cognitive stress, but low positive correlation (p<.001) with perceived stress. Cognitive stress response had low negative correlation (p<.001) with 1nSDNN and 1nRMSSD among HRV parameters. Perceived stress was not correlated with HRV. Multiple regression analysis showed that variables of perceived stress, cognitive stress, and somatization symptoms, could not explain HRV. By contrast, one of the HRV indicators, 1nSDNN, was affected by age, gender, and aggressive-hostile thought, the latter being a subscale of the cognitive stress response scale. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that stress evaluation for people in early adulthood will be more effective, if the evaluation examines cognitive stress and heart rate variability.

University Students' Health Behavior, Depression, and Ego-resilience / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The objectives of the study were to examine university students' health behavior, depression, and ego-resilience in order to understand the relationship between these variables, and to identify factors influencing ego-resilience. METHODS: Data were collected from a sample of 302 students attending G University. The data collection period was from October 28, 2015 to December 21, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS Statistics version 23 Program. RESULTS: The number of close friends was weakly correlated with depression and ego-resilience: specifically, the number of close friends had a weak negative correlation with depression, and a weak positive correlation with ego-resilience. Factors significantly influencing the students' ego-resilience were depression, type of residence, frequency of exercise, and gender, with a total explanatory power of 18%. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that intervention programs to improve ego-resilience should be developed. Research into ego-resilience should be replicated with students from a variety of cultural background and diverse study areas.

Change of the Peak Inspiratory Airway Pressure and Exhaled Volume during One Lung Ventilation / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Airway pressure increases during one-lung ventilation compared to two-lung ventilation. We measured the peak inspiratory airway pressure and the actual exhaled volume during one-lung and two-lung ventilation. And then we evaluated the loss of the exhaled volume according to the increase of peak insphatory airway pressure. METHODS: Left-sided double lumen endobronchial tube (male 37 Fr., female 35 Fr.) was inserted in 62 patients and then proper position of double lumen tube was confirmed with the fiberoptic bronchoscopy. After setting the tidal volume (10 ml/kg), respiratory rate 12/min, inspiratory: expiratory ratio (1: 2) and oxygen 2 1/min, we measured exhaled volume and peak inspiratory airway pressure during two-lung and one-lung ventilation in the supine and lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: The increase of the peak inspiratory airway pressure was ranged from 33.7% to 52.1% and exhaled volume decreased 9.5% to 14.8% in one-lung ventilation compared to two-lung ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of actual tidal volume according to the increase of peak inspiratory airway pressure during one-lung ventilation would result in carbon dioxide retention. Therefore we should readjust ventilatory setting during one-lung ventilation.